Showing posts with label Fluid Dynamics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fluid Dynamics. Show all posts

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Math - Fluid Dynamics - Vectors - Functions related to vectors and scalars

In order to locate a position in space and time, one may use the position vector as a function of time which happens to be a scalar value.  This relation is an example of a vector as a function of a scalar.

\[ \mathbf{r} = \mathbf{r} \left( t \right) \]

or in general if for each scalar variable there exist a vector value then

\[ \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{A} \left( t \right) \]

This relation can be inversed so that a scalar is a function of a vector.  One example is temperature which can be described at every point so that

\[ T = T \left( \mathbf{r} \right) \]

or, again, in general if for each vector value there exist a scalar value

\[ \phi = \phi \left( \mathbf{r} \right) \]

In the case when \( \mathbf{r} \) is the position vector, then the scalar is a function of position.

A third example denotes a vector as a function of a vector.  If one looks at the rigid body rotation that rotates at a constant angular velocity, \( \boldsymbol{\omega} \), then the velocity at a point on the body can be described as

\[ \mathbf{V} = \boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r} \]

where the position vector, \( \mathbf{r} \), is taken from the axis of rotation.

Thus, the velocity vector, \( \mathbf{V} \), becomes a function of the position vector, \( \mathbf{r} \).

\[ \mathbf{V} =  \mathbf{V} \left( \mathbf{r} \right) \]

Likewise, the general form becomes

\[ \mathbf{A} =  \mathbf{A} \left( \mathbf{r} \right) \]

and when \(  \mathbf{r} \) is the position vector \(  \mathbf{A} \) is a vector function of position.

Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Some references for fluid mechanics/dynamics


A list of fluid mechanics/dynamics book references.

[1] P. K. Kundu and I. M. Cohen. Fluid Mechanics, 3rd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 2004



[2] T. C. Papanastasiou, G. C. Georgiou, & A. N. Alexandrou. Viscous Fluid Flow. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 2000


[3] K. Karamcheti. Principles of Ideal-Fluid Aerodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 1966



[4] R. L. Panton. Incompressible Flow. (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2005



[5] M. E. O’Neill & F. Chorlton. Viscous and Compressible Fluid Dynamics. Ellis Horwood Limited. Chichester, UK. 1989

[6] R. Aris. Vectors, Tensors and the Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics. Dover Publications.
New York, NY. 1990



[6] M. T. Schobeiri. Fluid Mechanics for Engineers - A Graduate Textbook. Springer.
Berlin, Germany. 2010




Friday, September 9, 2011

Hele-Shaw Flow

I am beginning to add some post which I encounter in class or research which will catalog some various topics and discussion. This particular post is concerned with Hele-Shaw Flow.

According to Cohen and Kundu [1, 2], Hele-Shaw flow is defined as the flow between objects which are short distances apart or between very small gaps such as tribology or the theory of flows in mechanical bearings. The Hele-Shaw flow occurs for low Reynolds numbers, also known as creeping flow, and remarkably, produces inviscid-like flow visualization. Since the Reynolds number is defines as a length scale times the fluid density times the speed of the fluid divided by the kinematic viscosity or
\( \mathrm{Re} = \dfrac{\rho U h}{ \mu} = \dfrac{U h}{ \nu} \)
the Reynolds number value becomes very small if the distance of the gap is small, \( h \), and even smaller if the fluid speed is slow, \( U \). Experimentalist can get the number even lower by using large dynamic viscosity property fluids, \( \nu \). When an object is place in the gap and fills that space then it has been observed to mimic potential flow theory values around an object [3].

In progress...



References:

[1] I. M. Cohen & P. K. Kundu. Fluid Mechanics. (2nd ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 2002



[2] I. M. Cohen & P. K. Kundu. Fluid Mechanics. (4th ed.). Academic Press, Burlington, MA. 2008



[3] P. A. A. Narayana & K. N. Seetharamu. Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Alpha Science International, Ltd, Middlesex, UK. 2005